• Paul’s discussion of intellectual empathy and other “intellectual virtues” articulates the value of more holistic pedagogical approaches that encourage reflection on one’s own experiences and perceptions and their relationship to those of others. At the same time that intellectual empathy emphasises the importance of valuing and listening to the experiences and perspectives of others, this does not mean that any individual viewpoint is just as valid as that of another. ” Intellectual virtues are capacities that are vital to both cognitive and moral development and without which “intellectual development is circumscribed and distorted.” An artist’s life does affect how you interpret and enjoy his/her work.